Sessions and Tracks
1. Liver Cirrhosis and Fibrosis
Liver cirrhosis is a progressive condition where healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, severely impairing liver function. It commonly results from chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B or C, long-term alcohol abuse, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Before cirrhosis develops, the liver undergoes fibrosis—an early stage marked by excessive accumulation of connective tissue. Early detection of fibrosis using non-invasive tools like elastography and serum markers is crucial for preventing progression. Once cirrhosis is established, complications such as portal hypertension, ascites, encephalopathy, and liver cancer can arise. Although liver transplantation is the only curative option for advanced cases, researchers are actively developing antifibrotic therapies targeting the pathways of liver injury and scarring. Lifestyle modifications, antiviral therapy, and regular monitoring remain key strategies in managing the disease. Public health initiatives—such as hepatitis vaccinations, alcohol reduction policies, and metabolic health programs—play an essential role in reducing disease burden. With a growing global prevalence, especially in low-resource settings, liver cirrhosis and fibrosis remain major health concerns. Ongoing research into regeneration, stem cell therapy, and gene editing holds promise for future breakthroughs in restoring liver function and preventing disease progression.
2. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), which include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic conditions causing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. These diseases can lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss, significantly affecting daily life. Although their exact causes remain unclear, genetic factors, immune system dysfunction, and environmental influences such as diet and microbiota imbalances contribute to their development. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of colonoscopy, imaging, and laboratory tests including fecal calprotectin. Treatment focuses on controlling inflammation and maintaining remission, with options ranging from corticosteroids and immunomodulators to advanced biologic therapies like anti-TNF agents and integrin inhibitors. Newer oral medications, such as Janus kinase inhibitors, offer promising alternatives for moderate-to-severe cases. Nutritional support, lifestyle adjustments, and surgical options are also important for managing complications and refractory symptoms. As research continues to evolve, personalized medicine and microbiome-targeted therapies are gaining attention. With increasing global incidence, especially in urbanized and industrializing regions, IBD presents significant healthcare challenges. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary care and ongoing innovation are vital for improving outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with these lifelong inflammatory conditions.
3. Gastrointestinal Oncology
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers include malignancies of the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, colon, and rectum, among others. These cancers represent a significant portion of the global cancer burden, with colorectal and liver cancers ranking among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Early detection remains critical for effective treatment and improved survival rates. Diagnostic advancements such as endoscopic screening, biomarker testing, and imaging techniques have enhanced early identification. Treatment strategies typically combine surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and increasingly, targeted therapies and immunotherapy. Personalized medicine, based on tumor genetics and molecular profiling, is improving therapeutic outcomes for patients. For example, HER2 inhibitors, EGFR blockers, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are now part of GI cancer treatment protocols. Research is also exploring minimally invasive approaches, organ-preserving procedures, and combination regimens to improve quality of life. Prevention through lifestyle changes, vaccinations (like for hepatitis B), and regular screenings are essential for reducing incidence. As technology advances and precision oncology evolves, GI cancer management is becoming more individualized and effective, offering renewed hope for early-stage and even metastatic cases.
4. Gut Microbiome and Digestive Health
The gut microbiome consists of trillions of microorganisms that reside in the digestive tract and play a vital role in maintaining health. These microbes aid in digestion, nutrient absorption, immune function, and protection against harmful pathogens. An imbalance in this ecosystem, known as dysbiosis, has been linked to numerous gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and even colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence also suggests connections between gut health and mental well-being, often referred to as the gut-brain axis. Technological advances like next-generation sequencing have allowed researchers to better understand microbial composition and function. Probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions are being used to modulate the microbiome and improve digestive health. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is showing promise, especially in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. Research into personalized nutrition based on microbiome profiling is ongoing, with the goal of optimizing digestion and preventing disease. Maintaining a balanced diet, rich in fiber and fermented foods, supports a healthy microbiome. As understanding grows, the microbiome continues to emerge as a critical factor in both digestive and systemic health, offering innovative avenues for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
5. Advances in Endoscopic Technologies
Endoscopy plays a central role in diagnosing and treating gastrointestinal disorders, offering minimally invasive access to the digestive tract. Recent technological advancements have transformed traditional endoscopy into a highly sophisticated tool. High-definition imaging, chromoendoscopy, and narrow-band imaging improve visualization of subtle mucosal changes, aiding in early detection of cancers and precancerous lesions. Therapeutic procedures such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allow for the removal of complex polyps and early tumors without the need for surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) combines endoscopy with ultrasound to assess structures beyond the gastrointestinal wall, including lymph nodes and the pancreas. Capsule endoscopy provides a non-invasive method to examine the small intestine. Artificial intelligence is also being integrated to assist in polyp detection and characterization, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and consistency. These technologies not only improve patient outcomes but also reduce recovery times, hospital stays, and healthcare costs. Training and access remain important for widespread adoption. As endoscopic tools become more advanced, their role in gastroenterology continues to expand, offering precise, safe, and effective diagnostic and therapeutic options across a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases.
6. Hepatitis B and C
Hepatitis B and C are viral infections that affect the liver and can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer if left untreated. Hepatitis B is transmitted through blood, sexual contact, and from mother to child during birth, while hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact. Both viruses can cause long-term liver damage with minimal symptoms in early stages, making early screening crucial. Vaccination is available and highly effective for hepatitis B, serving as a key preventive strategy. For hepatitis C, no vaccine exists, but highly effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments can cure over 95% of infections. Widespread screening, especially in high-risk populations, and access to treatment are critical for controlling disease spread. The World Health Organization aims to eliminate hepatitis B and C as public health threats by 2030. Efforts include increasing awareness, expanding diagnostic services, and reducing stigma. Continued research into vaccine development for hepatitis C and improved therapies for hepatitis B is ongoing. Early diagnosis, combined with appropriate medical management, can prevent severe complications and significantly reduce the global disease burden associated with chronic viral hepatitis.
7. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest discomfort, and difficulty swallowing. If left untreated, GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis, strictures, Barrett’s esophagus, and even esophageal cancer. Contributing factors include obesity, hiatal hernia, smoking, pregnancy, and certain dietary habits. Diagnosis often relies on clinical symptoms but may include endoscopy, pH monitoring, or esophageal manometry in complex cases. Lifestyle changes—such as weight loss, dietary modifications, and elevation of the head during sleep—are first-line strategies. Medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 receptor blockers, and antacids are commonly used to control acid production and relieve symptoms. Surgical interventions, including Nissen fundoplication and magnetic sphincter augmentation, are options for patients with severe or refractory symptoms. Ongoing research focuses on improving diagnostic accuracy and exploring non-pharmacologic treatment options. GERD remains one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders globally, with rising prevalence linked to lifestyle and dietary trends. Timely management is important not only for symptom relief but also for preventing long-term complications.
8. Pancreatic Disorders
Pancreatic disorders encompass a wide range of conditions, including acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cysts, and pancreatic cancer. Acute pancreatitis typically results from gallstones or excessive alcohol consumption and presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and elevated pancreatic enzymes. While many cases resolve with supportive care, complications like necrosis or infection may occur. Chronic pancreatitis leads to long-term inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of exocrine and endocrine function, often requiring enzyme replacement therapy and diabetes management. Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is one of the deadliest malignancies due to late detection and aggressive progression. Imaging tools such as CT, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are essential for diagnosing pancreatic abnormalities. Emerging biomarkers and liquid biopsy techniques are under investigation to improve early detection of pancreatic cancer. Management involves a multidisciplinary approach including pain control, nutritional support, endoscopic interventions, and in some cases, surgery or chemotherapy. Pancreatic disorders pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, emphasizing the need for early recognition and personalized care strategies. Continued research is critical to uncover new treatments, improve survival outcomes, and enhance quality of life for affected individuals.
9. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal discomfort, bloating, and altered bowel habits—such as constipation, diarrhea, or a mix of both. Unlike inflammatory diseases, IBS does not cause visible damage to the gastrointestinal tract but can significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life. The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but factors such as stress, gut-brain axis disruption, abnormal motility, and altered gut microbiota play important roles. Diagnosis is typically based on symptom criteria (such as the Rome IV criteria) and the exclusion of other gastrointestinal conditions. Treatment is highly individualized and may include dietary modifications (like a low-FODMAP diet), fiber supplements, probiotics, and medications targeting bowel motility or sensitivity. Psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and stress reduction techniques, are effective in many patients. Although not life-threatening, IBS is a leading cause of gastroenterology visits and contributes significantly to healthcare costs. Advances in microbiome research and neuromodulatory treatments are offering new hope for managing symptoms. With its multifactorial nature, successful IBS care depends on a holistic approach that addresses both physical and psychological components of the disorder.
10. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver conditions ranging from simple steatosis (fat accumulation in the liver) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. As lifestyles have become more sedentary and diets more calorie-dense, the global prevalence of NAFLD has risen sharply, affecting nearly one in four adults worldwide. Most individuals are asymptomatic, and the condition is often discovered incidentally through elevated liver enzymes or imaging studies. Fibrosis staging is crucial in determining prognosis and is typically assessed using non-invasive methods like elastography or fibrosis scoring systems. Currently, there are no approved medications for NAFLD or NASH, but weight loss through diet and exercise remains the cornerstone of treatment. Clinical trials are underway evaluating drugs targeting inflammation, lipid metabolism, and fibrosis pathways. Given its potential to progress silently, early identification and intervention are essential. Public health strategies promoting healthy living and metabolic screening are vital for curbing the growing burden of NAFLD and its complications.
11. Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but it is also highly preventable and treatable when detected early. Screening plays a pivotal role in identifying precancerous polyps and early-stage cancers before symptoms arise. Recommended methods include fecal occult blood tests, fecal immunochemical tests, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy—the latter being the gold standard for both detection and polyp removal. Newer technologies, such as virtual colonoscopy and stool DNA testing, offer less invasive options for those reluctant to undergo traditional procedures. Guidelines vary by country, but most recommend starting routine screening at age 45 or earlier for individuals with risk factors like family history, inflammatory bowel disease, or certain genetic syndromes. Increased awareness and accessibility have helped improve screening rates in many regions, yet disparities still exist. Ongoing research focuses on identifying better biomarkers, enhancing imaging techniques, and developing AI-assisted diagnostic tools. Promoting participation through public health campaigns and making screening more patient-friendly are essential for reducing mortality. With its potential for early intervention and disease prevention, colorectal cancer screening remains a cornerstone of effective gastrointestinal healthcare.
12. Pediatric Gastroenterology
Pediatric gastroenterology focuses on diagnosing and managing digestive, liver, and nutritional disorders in infants, children, and adolescents. Conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, functional abdominal pain, and inflammatory bowel diseases present unique challenges in younger populations. Early-life nutrition, feeding patterns, and genetic predispositions significantly influence gastrointestinal development. Diagnosing GI issues in children requires age-appropriate tools and a sensitive approach, as symptoms can differ from adults. Growth monitoring, stool analysis, endoscopy, and imaging are commonly used diagnostic methods. Treatment emphasizes nutritional support, age-adjusted medications, and family-centered care. Chronic conditions like IBD or liver diseases in children require long-term management plans that support both physical development and emotional well-being. Pediatric-specific therapies and research are expanding, especially in areas such as probiotics, dietary interventions, and immunomodulators. Pediatric gastroenterologists also play a key role in identifying rare genetic or metabolic conditions affecting the gut. Given that early intervention can prevent complications and improve long-term outcomes, specialized care is critical. As research continues to uncover age-specific insights, pediatric gastroenterology remains essential in laying the foundation for lifelong digestive health.
13. Celiac Disease
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye—in genetically susceptible individuals. Upon exposure, the immune system attacks the small intestine, leading to inflammation and villous atrophy, which impairs nutrient absorption. Symptoms vary widely and may include chronic diarrhea, bloating, weight loss, anemia, fatigue, skin rashes, and, in children, failure to thrive or delayed growth. Some patients may be asymptomatic or present with non-classical signs like osteoporosis or neurological symptoms. Diagnosis is made through serologic tests (e.g., anti-tTG and EMA antibodies) followed by confirmation with a small bowel biopsy. The only effective treatment is lifelong adherence to a strict gluten-free diet, which typically leads to symptom resolution and mucosal healing. Patient education and dietician support are essential for compliance and nutritional adequacy. Delayed diagnosis can lead to long-term complications such as intestinal lymphoma, infertility, and other autoimmune conditions. As awareness increases, so does the availability of gluten-free food options. Ongoing research is exploring enzyme therapies, immunomodulation, and potential vaccines. Early identification and treatment are key to improving outcomes and preventing irreversible damage in individuals with celiac disease.
14. Biliary Tract Disorders
Biliary tract disorders include a range of conditions affecting the bile ducts, gallbladder, and related structures responsible for bile storage and flow. Common disorders include gallstones, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and bile duct strictures or tumors. Gallstones are one of the most frequent causes, often forming due to imbalances in bile components. While many individuals with gallstones remain asymptomatic, others may experience severe pain, nausea, or complications like pancreatitis or infection. Cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder, often results from obstructing gallstones and typically requires surgical intervention. Biliary obstruction can lead to jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, and elevated liver enzymes. Diagnostic tools such as abdominal ultrasound, MRCP (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) play vital roles in evaluation and treatment. ERCP is particularly useful for removing stones, placing stents, or obtaining biopsies. Management strategies depend on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms, ranging from dietary changes and antibiotics to endoscopic or surgical interventions. Advances in imaging and minimally invasive techniques continue to improve outcomes. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to avoid complications like liver damage or sepsis in severe biliary tract disorders.
15. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a potentially serious condition that can arise from any part of the digestive tract, classified as upper or lower GI bleeding based on origin. Common causes of upper GI bleeding include peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears, while lower GI bleeding is often due to diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms vary depending on severity and location, ranging from vomiting blood (hematemesis) and black tarry stools (melena) to bright red rectal bleeding (hematochezia). Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy, colonoscopy, or capsule endoscopy, alongside blood tests to assess hemoglobin levels and coagulation status. Initial management focuses on stabilizing the patient with fluid resuscitation and blood transfusions if necessary, followed by identification and treatment of the source. Endoscopic therapies include clipping, cauterization, or injection of hemostatic agents. Interventional radiology and surgery may be required for persistent or recurrent bleeding. Early intervention significantly reduces morbidity and mortality. Preventive strategies include managing underlying conditions, avoiding NSAIDs, and screening for varices in liver disease patients. Timely recognition and multidisciplinary care are essential for effective management and recovery from gastrointestinal bleeding.
16. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), also known as disorders of gut-brain interaction, are characterized by chronic digestive symptoms without identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities. Common FGIDs include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia, and functional constipation. These conditions result from complex interactions between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system, influenced by motility disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, altered gut microbiota, and psychosocial factors. Patients may experience a range of symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, early satiety, and irregular bowel habits. Diagnosis is typically made using symptom-based criteria, such as the Rome IV criteria, after ruling out organic disease through minimal testing. Management requires a holistic approach, often involving dietary modification (like a low-FODMAP diet), stress management, psychological therapy, and pharmacological treatment targeting gut motility or sensitivity. Antispasmodics, antidepressants, and newer neuromodulators may be used depending on the condition. FGIDs are among the most common reasons for gastroenterology visits and significantly impact quality of life. Continued research into the gut-brain axis, microbiome modulation, and digital health interventions offers promising avenues for better symptom control and improved patient care.
17. Autoimmune Liver Diseases
Autoimmune liver diseases occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks liver cells, causing chronic inflammation and potential liver damage. The main types include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). AIH typically affects young to middle-aged women and presents with fatigue, jaundice, and elevated liver enzymes. It is characterized by autoantibodies and interface hepatitis seen on biopsy. PBC primarily affects small intrahepatic bile ducts and leads to cholestasis, pruritus, and progressive liver fibrosis. PSC involves inflammation and scarring of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Diagnosis relies on serologic markers (e.g., ANA, ASMA, AMA), liver function tests, imaging, and biopsy. Treatment for AIH typically involves immunosuppressants like corticosteroids and azathioprine. Ursodeoxycholic acid is the first-line therapy for PBC, while PSC lacks definitive treatment and may eventually require liver transplantation. Autoimmune liver diseases can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma if not adequately managed. Early diagnosis, ongoing monitoring, and individualized treatment are essential to preserving liver function and preventing complications.
18. Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) refers to open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine, or lower esophagus. The primary causes include infection with Helicobacter pylori and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Risk factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and stress may contribute to symptom severity or delay healing. Common symptoms include burning abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and in severe cases, vomiting blood or black stools due to bleeding ulcers. Diagnosis is usually made through endoscopy and confirmed with tests for H. pylori, including urea breath tests, stool antigen tests, or biopsy during endoscopy. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori with antibiotics and reducing gastric acid using proton pump inhibitors or H2-receptor blockers. Lifestyle modifications and avoidance of NSAIDs are important for preventing recurrence. Complications like perforation, obstruction, or significant bleeding require urgent medical intervention. While the incidence of PUD has declined in some regions due to improved management of H. pylori, it remains a significant global health concern. Ongoing research focuses on antibiotic resistance patterns, vaccine development, and alternative therapies for improved ulcer healing and recurrence prevention.
19. Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders
Gastrointestinal motility disorders involve abnormal movement of the muscles in the digestive tract, leading to disrupted transit of food and waste. These disorders can affect any part of the gastrointestinal system and include conditions such as achalasia, gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and colonic inertia. Symptoms vary by location but may include difficulty swallowing, bloating, early satiety, constipation, abdominal pain, or nausea. The underlying causes can be neurological, muscular, autoimmune, or idiopathic. Diagnosis often involves a combination of imaging, manometry, gastric emptying studies, and endoscopy. Gastroparesis, for instance, is frequently linked to diabetes and results in delayed gastric emptying. Management depends on the specific disorder and severity of symptoms. Treatment may involve dietary adjustments, prokinetic agents, laxatives, or surgical interventions such as gastric electrical stimulation or colectomy. Emerging therapies target neural signaling and gut-brain communication pathways. These disorders often require long-term care and coordination between gastroenterologists, nutritionists, and motility specialists. Early identification and personalized treatment plans are critical to managing symptoms effectively and improving patient outcomes in individuals with chronic or debilitating motility disorders.
20. Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Health
Nutrition plays a pivotal role in maintaining gastrointestinal health and preventing or managing a wide range of digestive diseases. A balanced diet supports gut motility, maintains a healthy microbiome, strengthens the intestinal barrier, and reduces inflammation. Poor dietary habits, such as low fiber intake, excessive fat or sugar consumption, and inadequate hydration, are linked to conditions like constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, and colorectal cancer. Nutritional therapy is also a cornerstone in the management of diseases such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Specific diets, such as low-FODMAP for IBS or gluten-free for celiac disease, can significantly improve symptoms. Enteral and parenteral nutrition are essential for patients with severe malabsorption or intestinal failure. The emerging field of personalized nutrition, guided by microbiome analysis and genetic profiling, aims to optimize diet plans based on individual needs. Nutritional education and counseling should be integrated into gastrointestinal care, helping patients make informed dietary choices and avoid unnecessary restrictions. As our understanding of gut-nutrition interactions expands, diet continues to be a powerful tool for both prevention and therapy in gastrointestinal and liver-related conditions.